Communication Disorders
Articulation
Articulation is the ability to manipulate the articulators i.e. tongue, voice, jaw and speech muscles to work in conjunction with one another to produce clear and intelligible speech that includes all vowel sounds , consonant sounds and consonant blend. Some common types of sound errors are: Omissions- leaving out a sound where it should occur e.g. "at" for "bat" Substitutions- substituting a sound for a correct one e.g. "wabbit" for "rabbit" Distortions- when the sound is said inaccurately but sounds something like the intended sounds.
Central Auditory Processing
Central Auditory Processing disorders (CAPD) refers to the inability to attend to, discriminate, recognize or comprehend what is heard even though hearing and intelligence are within normal limits. Some signs of CAPD may include: says "huh' or "what" often gives inconsistent responses to auditory stimuli is easily distracted has reading, spelling or other academic problems has difficulty following oral directions has difficulty listening in the presence of background noise has poor receptive and expressive language skills give slow or delayed responses to verbal stimuli exhibits behavior problems.
Expressive Language
Expressive language refers to the ability to express ideas in words or sentences.
Hearing Impaired
Hearing impaired refers to a problem with or damage to one or more parts of the ear. The degree of impairment can vary widely from person to person. Some children have partial hearing loss meaning that the ear can pick up some sounds; others have a complete loss, meaning that the ear cannot hear at all. In some types of hearing loss, a child may have trouble hearing when there is background noise. One or both ears may be affected, and the impairment may be worse in one.
Receptive Language
Receptive language refers to the ability to understand what is spoken.